{"id":316,"date":"2021-10-24T15:38:01","date_gmt":"2021-10-24T13:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/?p=316"},"modified":"2021-10-24T15:39:07","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T13:39:07","slug":"les-carottages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/?p=316","title":{"rendered":"Les carottages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un carottage est un pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de s\u00e9diments (ou de glace dans le cas des carottages aux p\u00f4les) d\u2019environ 10 cm de diam\u00e8tre sur une profondeur variant de 10 m \u00e0 36 m pour les plus profonds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois le carottier remont\u00e9, le trou pourra se reboucher naturellement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A ne pas confondre avec un forage qui laisse un trou g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus massif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le carottier est compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;un lest et d&rsquo;une lance qui est un tube en plastique entour\u00e9 par un tube en m\u00e9tal le prot\u00e9geant et le renfor\u00e7ant durant son plantage dans les s\u00e9diments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ici, notre carottier mesure 20 m et va aller pr\u00e9lever les s\u00e9diments \u00e0 une profondeur de 900 m environ. Cependant, d\u2019autres carottiers pr\u00e9vus sur la mission ALBACORE \u00e9chantillonneront de 6, 12, 20 \u00e0 36 m en fonction des objectifs scientifiques.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3236.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-419\" width=\"364\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3236.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3236-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3236-72x116.jpg 72w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le carottier est gr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 bord par les  marins, puis ils le mettent en dehors du bateau (le d\u00e9bordent) puis vont redresser le carottier \u00e0 la vertical. La descente va se faire extr\u00eamement prudemment \u00e0 une vitesse de 1m\/s. A environ 100 m du fond, cette vitesse va encore ralentir pour atteindre 10cm\/s et ce jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le contrepoids qui est plus bas que le carottier touche le fond.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Comme les appareils de mesure du fond ont une marge d\u2019erreur d\u2019environ 10 \u00e0 15 m, il faut donc prendre encore plus de pr\u00e9caution (un pied de pilote) pour ne pas arriver trop rapidement au fond de l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3318.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3318.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3318-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3318-167x116.jpg 167w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Une fois au sol, la tension exerc\u00e9e par le contrepoids se rel\u00e2che et lib\u00e8re un lest qui va descendre jusqu\u2019au carottier, et lui donner l\u2019impulsion n\u00e9cessaire pour s\u2019enfoncer dans les s\u00e9diments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis le bord, nous suivons cela sur le graphique qui repr\u00e9sente la tension exerc\u00e9e par le carottier sur le c\u00e2ble. Ce ne sont pas les scientifiques qui indiquent au carottier quand s\u2019enfoncer, ils doivent donc attendre que le contrepoids lib\u00e8re le carottier, symbolis\u00e9 par une chute brutale de la tension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"907\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3456.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3456.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3456-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3456-76x116.jpg 76w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le temps entre l\u2019enfoncement du carottier et la sortie de celui-ci dure environ 1\/2h avant une nouvelle remont\u00e9e \u00e0 1m\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois hors de l\u2019eau, la lance est nettoy\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3475.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3475.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3475-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3475-166x116.jpg 166w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4444.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4444.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4444-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4444-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4444-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois sur le pont, le tube en plastique est s\u00e9par\u00e9 de sa protection m\u00e9tallique et va \u00eatre nettoy\u00e9 pour retirer toute trace de s\u00e9diments qui se colle \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du tube et s\u00e9ch\u00e9, car nous devons \u00e9crire dessus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ensuite, nous mesurons la longueur exacte de la carotte de s\u00e9diments prise par le carottier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"950\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4527.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4527.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4527-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4527-72x116.jpg 72w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4538.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4538.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4538-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4538-184x116.jpg 184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puis, nous d\u00e9limitons des tron\u00e7ons de 1 m, nous les  identifions au marqueur, puis les d\u00e9coupons et fermons avec des caches. Mais avant la fermeture, nous r\u00e9alisons  des tests de r\u00e9sistance, et des \u00e9chantillonnages pour les formainif\u00e8res et pour la g\u00e9ochimie, au top et \u00e0 la base de chaque tron\u00e7on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-640x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-640x1024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-768x1229.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-959x1536.jpg 959w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-1279x2048.jpg 1279w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-72x116.jpg 72w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3619-scaled.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3621-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4347.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-427\" width=\"411\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4347.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4347-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4347-71x116.jpg 71w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"787\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4354.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4354.jpg 525w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4354-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_4354-77x116.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-scaled.jpg?fit=697%2C465&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3612-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-scaled.jpg?fit=697%2C465&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/IMG_3632-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois correctement conditionn\u00e9e, la carotte va pouvoir \u00eatre ouverte afin de voir les s\u00e9diments \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. C\u2019est ce que nous allons voir dans une deuxi\u00e8me partie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un carottage est un pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de s\u00e9diments (ou de glace dans le cas des carottages aux p\u00f4les) d\u2019environ 10 cm de diam\u00e8tre sur une profondeur variant de 10 m \u00e0 36 m pour les plus profonds. Une fois le carottier remont\u00e9, le trou pourra se reboucher naturellement. A ne pas confondre avec un forage qui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=316"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":441,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316\/revisions\/441"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}