{"id":670,"date":"2021-11-02T13:51:41","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T12:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/?p=670"},"modified":"2021-11-16T18:46:13","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T17:46:13","slug":"carottier-dinterface-multitubes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/?p=670","title":{"rendered":"Carottier d&rsquo;Interface &#8211; Multitubes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Jaime Frigola et Sara Lafuerza<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les s\u00e9diments des fonds marins sont principalement compos\u00e9s de particules arriv\u00e9es des continents et de la colonne d&rsquo;eau, et par cons\u00e9quent, ils conservent l&rsquo;histoire des principaux processus r\u00e9gissant le climat terrestre et les conditions oc\u00e9anographiques. Pour cette raison, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des changements dans les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des s\u00e9diments au sein de (longues) s\u00e9quences s\u00e9dimentaires permet aux chercheurs de comprendre comment la terre a \u00e9volu\u00e9 \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles de temps, allant de millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es \u00e0 des centaines d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es ou seulement quelques d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les changements climatiques \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle humaine ou m\u00eame induits par l&rsquo;homme peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce aux s\u00e9diments les plus r\u00e9cents, ceux qui reposent sur le plancher oc\u00e9anique \u00e0 l&rsquo;interface eau-s\u00e9diment, tr\u00e8s fluide et tr\u00e8s fragile. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lors des op\u00e9rations de carottages, il est possible que les premiers centim\u00e8tres des s\u00e9diments sous le fond marin soient perturb\u00e9s. C&rsquo;est pourquoi les chercheurs \u00e9chantillonnent ces mat\u00e9riaux pr\u00e9cieux \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;\u00e9quipements sp\u00e9ciaux, comme le multitube ou le syst\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0fantacore\u00a0\u00bb, qui permettent de pr\u00e9server leur structure verticale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous r\u00e9cup\u00e9rons l\u2019interface eau-s\u00e9diments dans 4 tubes transparents. Nous gardons 2 tubes dans la chambre froide du navire et les 2 autres sont \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9s chaque centim\u00e8tre \u00e0 bord.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ensuite, \u00e0 terre, nous pouvons dater ces s\u00e9diments \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de m\u00e9thodes de radioactivit\u00e9, comme le Pb210 et le Cs137 pour l&rsquo;histoire la plus r\u00e9cente, ou encore le C14 pour les derniers mill\u00e9naires. En \u00e9tudiant les diff\u00e9rents composants de ces s\u00e9diments, nous pouvons \u00e9tudier les changements les plus r\u00e9cents survenus dans le syst\u00e8me terrestre (comme la temp\u00e9rature de la surface de la mer, les courants d&rsquo;eau profonde, ou les oscillations hydrologiques\u2026), ou m\u00eame les impacts humains sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins (comme l&rsquo;augmentation des contaminants d&rsquo;origine industrielle ou l&rsquo;alt\u00e9ration, voire la destruction, des environnements d&rsquo;eau profonde).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3080.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3080.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3080-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3080-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3080-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"862\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3091.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3091.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3091-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3091-80x116.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-680\" width=\"509\" height=\"763\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4689.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4689-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4689-77x116.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4692.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4692.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4692-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4692-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4692-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"394\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3102.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3102.jpg 394w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3102-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3102-77x116.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"394\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4729.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4729.jpg 394w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4729-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4729-117x116.jpg 117w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-1024x715.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826-166x116.jpg 166w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_2826.jpg 1624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3148.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-686\" width=\"420\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3148.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3148-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3148-77x116.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"394\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3168.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3168.jpg 394w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3168-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3168-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3168-174x116.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"394\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3181.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3181.jpg 394w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3181-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3181-72x116.jpg 72w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3169.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-688\" width=\"403\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3169.jpg 591w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3169-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_3169-74x116.jpg 74w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4671-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4671-edited.jpg 280w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4671-edited-175x300.jpg 175w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_4671-edited-68x116.jpg 68w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un des multitubes collect\u00e9 sur un champ de pockmarks revient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire des Trianons afin de faire d\u00e9couvrir aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves, la nature des s\u00e9diments du fond-marin ainsi que l\u2019observation des foraminif\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la loupe binoculaire (cf article foraminif\u00e8res).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/image.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-677\" width=\"285\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/image.jpeg 179w, https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/image-77x116.jpeg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plong\u00e9e d&#039;un carottier multitubes - Mission Albacore\" width=\"697\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uvETz1LsKfQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jaime Frigola et Sara Lafuerza Les s\u00e9diments des fonds marins sont principalement compos\u00e9s de particules arriv\u00e9es des continents et de la colonne d&rsquo;eau, et par cons\u00e9quent, ils conservent l&rsquo;histoire des principaux processus r\u00e9gissant le climat terrestre et les conditions oc\u00e9anographiques. Pour cette raison, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des changements dans les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des s\u00e9diments au sein de (longues) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=670"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":996,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/670\/revisions\/996"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projets-istep.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}